Impacts on in-event, ambulance and emergency department services from patients presenting from a mass gathering event: A retrospective analysis[1]
Summary
Retrospective tri-service analysis of one 20,000-participant Australian event: 197 first-aid presentations (9.85/1,000), 24 referred to the in-event health professional team (doctors/nurses/paramedics), of whom 15 returned to the event after IV fluids and/or antiemetics; only 7 (0.35/1,000) went to ambulance care and ED, where median stay was 7 hours with imaging/ventilator support, one operation, one ICU admission. Concludes the in-event model likely limited ambulance and ED usage, and the transported few were genuinely sick.
So what
The cleanest published demonstration of the escalation funnel working: 197 → 24 → 7, with the in-event professional tier returning 62.5% of its referrals to the event, and the ED tail proving appropriate triage (long stays, real interventions). This is the treat-in-place economics of Martin-Gill and Spigner traced across all three service tiers in one dataset — the citation for the "each tier absorbs" diagram MGMI's planning pages should draw.
Key findings
- Escalation funnel: 197 first-aid → 24 professional-tier → 7 ambulance/ED
- 62.5% of professional-tier referrals returned to event after IV/antiemetics
- Transported patients genuinely sick: median ED stay 7h, imaging/ventilation, 1 OR, 1 ICU
- In-event model credited with limiting ambulance and ED load
Read the paper
- Publisher (DOI) ↗may be paywalled
- PubMed ↗abstract · free